As symptoms develop in 3 to 4 weeks following infection, it is possible for the virus to be transported in symptomless plants. Also, it is possible to spread CYSDV over long distances through virus-carrying whiteflies that may accompany transported plant materials.
All stages of the whitefly vector can be carried on plants for planting. Also, virus-carrying whiteflies can move long distances with high winds. The virus is infectious within whiteflies for up to 9 days. While the incidence of the virus was low in spring planted melons in it was high in fall-planted melons in the Imperial and Yuma Valleys in both years Davis et al. Its further spread to non-infected sites is limited by the distribution of its vector, Bemisia tabaci which to date, has not been found in natural cooler climates of northern California counties.
Risk is Medium 2 — The natural host range is restricted to Cucurbits in the family Cucurbitaceae which are grown extensively in the lower Sacramento Valley and in limited production in San Joaquin and Imperial Valleys. Additional hosts include plants in seven families other than Cucurbitaceae that can serve as source plants for the whitefly vector which then can carry the virus back to cucurbits.
Risk is High 3 — The virus is able to thrive in climates that are favorable for its vector. Its potential for spread is always artificial being completely dependent on the distribution of its vector and infected plant materials. Therefore, factors that increase movement and activity of the vector and infected plants will also influence that of the virus. Risk is High 3 — CYSDV infections could lower crop yield and value, increase production costs, trigger loss of market, and the virus is vectored by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci which would require implementation of management strategies to minimize the risk of the introduction and establishment of the virus in non-infected regions within California.
While CYSDV is established in the Imperial Valley and there have been no further reports of its spread to other intrastate regions, targeted surveys for the pathogen have not been conducted in other cucurbit production sites.
The distribution and establishment of the virus is largely dependent on the distribution and established infestations of virus-carrying Bemisia tabaci.
Subsequently, detections outside the Imperial Valley may alter the proposed rating for this virus pathogen. Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus is B. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus datasheet.
Davis, R. Turini, B. Aegerter and J. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder. Durham, S. Combating Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder crinivirus — European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization data sheet on quarantine pests. The day comment period opened on Monday, March 16, and closed on Thursday, April 30, You must be logged in to post a comment.
The risk Pepino mosaic virus would pose to California is evaluated below. Score: — Low 1 Not likely to establish in California; or likely to establish in very limited areas. Score: — Low 1 has a very limited host range. Score: — Low 1 does not have high reproductive or dispersal potential. Score: A. Score the pest for Environmental Impact. Score: — Low 1 causes none of the above to occur.
Consequences of Introduction to California for Peas seed-borne mosaic virus Add up the total score and include it here. Score -Not established 0 Pest never detected in California, or known only from incursions. Conclusion and Rating Justification: Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Pepino mosaic virus is B. References: C ABI Annals of Applied Biology, 94 1 M umford, R. The pest could trigger additional official or private treatment programs. Natural infestations of such hosts could serve as reservoirs for the pathogen — although this would need to be confirmed through further research.
Only official records identified by a taxonomic expert and supported by voucher specimens deposited in natural history collections should be considered.
Pest incursions that have been eradicated, are under eradication, or have been delimited with no further detections should not be included. Evaluation is Low The presence and distribution of PepMV in California agricultural field production and environmental sites is not known. Such information would be obtained through periodic surveys and may affect the current proposed rating. Due to the nature of its transmission, it is possible for the virus to escape detection and spread to non-infected sites.
Based on the evidence provided above the proposed rating for Pepino mosaic virus is B. C ABI Pepino mosaic virus full datasheet. Crop Protection Compendium. E PPO, a. New PQR database. E PPO. Pepino mosaic virus. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. F erguson, G. Management of Pepino mosaic virus in greenhouse tomatoes — factsheet. Modified November 13, F rench, C. Bouthillier, M. Bernardy, G. Fergusen, M. Sabourin, R. Johnson, C. Masters, S.
About PepMV and the damage it causes Typical leaf damage — yellowing and surface bubbling. Signs of PepMV Affected plants can show stunted growth or symptoms resembling hormonal herbicide damage.
Fruit can appear 'marbled' and this may be more readily seen on large red tomato varieties. How the virus spreads PepMV is spread on seed, stalks, and leaves and through plant to plant contact and propagation.
Report suspected cases immediately to Biosecurity New Zealand — freephone 80 99 See more pictures of affected tomato plants Practice good biosecurity measures Cleanliness is needed at all stages of crop production. Keep good records of who has been in glasshouses and when. Clean and disinfect tools regularly — particularly between using in different glasshouses or compartments.
Ensure secure disposal of glasshouse waste to landfill. All viruses spread mechanically through people and equipment touching infected plants and transferring it to a healthy plant. ToBRFV is very stable and very infectious. It has high mechanical infectivity, which is concerning since tomato and pepper plants are highly manipulated through transplanting, staking, tying, pruning and harvesting.
There are reports of spread by bumble bee pollinators in greenhouse situations. However, there are no reports of plant-to-plant transmission by aphids, leafhoppers or white flies. Seed and transplant production are the most critical steps since contamination at these steps creates a risk of contaminating hundreds, if not thousands, of plants.
Recommended actions include:. To do that, you will have to pay special attention to sanitation, something most do already. How severe of a problem this becomes remains to be seen. This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. Recommended actions include: Start with certified seed from a reputable dealer. Do not plant seed from unverified sources, especially if they come from restricted areas. Have greenhouse workers wash and sterilize hands and tools often.
Supply single-use gloves that are discarded between greenhouse ranges. Provide protective clothing that stays in that range or is well washed before going to another range.
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