We further believe that governments are established by God; that Christians, as good citizens, should be subject to governing authorities insofar as possible, recognizing our greater allegiance to God and His kingdom in matters wherein human authorities conflict with clear, biblical mandates.
Visit Instructions: Please include additional photos of the window or windows at this location. Morfe visited it. Try the Waymarkly app! Includes the ability to log visits, view logs, save and filter offline Waymarks and use beautiful offline maps! Waymarkly is the premiere Waymarking app for iOS. Get the Waymarkly app now. From wheels and windmills, to wedding rings and windows — the symbolism of the unending circle somehow gives a hint of eternity.
When it comes to stained glass windows, here at SGI we refer to all our circular designs as Rose Windows. December 2, Do you have a transom window or two in your home? They can come in different shapes and sizes, and were traditionally named after the transom beam which runs along the top of […]. November 15, Are you redecorating your living room, or perhaps building for the first time? Imagine the stunning effect you could create with some stained glass features in your home.
Whether you choose window inserts, transoms, door panels, lampshades or wall hangings, stained glass gives an unforgettable effect of elegance and style.
If you are a landscape […]. October 10, Does your office need a bit of brightening up? Perhaps you are planning some renovations or maybe you are building a new office block for your business. Either way, you might like to consider incorporating some stained glass features to give that touch of warmth and color which your workplace needs. Our stained glass designs […].
August 11, If your planning, designing or building a wedding chapel, here are some great ideas for the stained-glass windows. Wedding chapels are about places to get a great start on married life. These stained-glass windows can help you create a space with a unique and memorable feel. Later methods involved painting enamel glass-based paint onto sheets of glass and then firing the painted glass in a kiln.
Stained glass windows are a deliberately dynamic art. Set into panels on exterior walls, the different colors of glass react to the sun by glowing brightly. Then, colored light spills out from the frames and onto the floor and other interior objects in shimmering, dappled pools that shift with the sun. Those characteristics attracted the artists of the Medieval period. Glass-making was invented in Egypt about BCE—basically, glass is super-heated sand.
Interest in making glass in different colors dates to about the same period. Blue in particular was a prized color in Bronze Age Mediterranean trade in ingot glass. Putting shaped panes of differently colored glass into a framed window was first used in early Christian churches during the second or third century CE—no examples exist but there are mentions in historical documents. The art may well have been an outgrowth of Roman mosaics , designed floors in elite Roman houses that were made up of squares pieces of rock of different colors.
Glass fragments were used to make wall mosaics, such as the famous mosaic at Pompeii of Alexander the Great, which was made primarily of glass fragments. There are early Christian mosaics dated to the 4th century BCE in several places throughout the Mediterranean region.
By the 7th century, stained glass was used in churches throughout Europe. Stained glass also owes a great deal to the rich tradition of illuminated manuscripts , handmade books of Christian scripture or practices, made in Western Europe between about — CE, and often decorated in richly colored inks and gold leaf.
Some of the 13th century stained glass works were copies of illuminated fables. The process of making glass is described in a few existing 12th-century texts, and modern scholars and restorers have been using those methods to replicate the process since the early 19th century. To make a stained glass window, the artist makes a full-sized sketch or "cartoon" of the image. While still molten, the artist adds a small amount of one or more metallic oxides.
Glass is naturally green, and to get clear glass, you need an additive. Some of the main mixtures were:. The stained glass is then poured into flat sheets and allowed to cool. Once cooled, the artisan lays the pieces onto the cartoon and cracks the glass in rough approximations of the shape using a hot iron. The rough edges are refined called "grozing" by using an iron tool to chip away the excess glass until the precise shape for the composition is produced. Next, the edges of each of the panes are covered with "cames," strips of lead with an H-shaped cross-section; and the cames are soldered together into a panel.
Once the panel is complete, the artist inserts putty between the glass and cames to aid in waterproofing. The process can take from a few weeks to many months, depending on the complexity. The most common window shapes in Gothic architecture are tall, spear-shaped "lancet" windows and circular "rose" windows.
Rose or wheel windows are created in a circular pattern with panels that radiate outwards. The largest rose window is at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, a massive panel measuring 43 ft in diameter with 84 glass panes that radiate outward from a central medallion.
The heyday of stained glass occurred in the European Middle Ages, when guilds of craftsmen produced stained glass windows for churches, monasteries, and elite households. The blossoming of the art in medieval churches is attributed to the efforts of Abbot Suger ca. About , Abbot Suger began to rebuild the church at Saint-Denis—it had been first built in the 8th century and was sorely in need of reconstruction.
His earliest panel was a large wheel or rose window, made in , in the choir eastern part of the church where the singers stand, sometimes called the chancel. The St. Denis glass is remarkable for its use of blue, a deep sapphire that was paid for by a generous donor.
Five windows dated to the 12th century remain, although most of the glass has been replaced. The diaphanous sapphire blue of Abbot Suger was used in various elements of the scenes, but most significantly, it was used in backgrounds. Prior to the abbot's innovation, backgrounds were clear, white, or a rainbow of colors.
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